Rate Limiting Middleware

Background:

You're tasked with implementing a rate limiting middleware for a RESTful API built using Spring Boot. The rate limiter should restrict the number of requests from a client within a specified time window.

Requirements:

1. Implement a Spring Boot middleware component that applies rate limiting based on the client's IP address.
2. The middleware should allow a maximum of N requests per minute (N is configurable).
3. If a client exceeds the request limit within a minute, subsequent requests from that client should receive a "429 Too Many Requests" HTTP response.
4. The rate limiting configuration should be adjustable without requiring application restart.

Additional Details:

• You can use any appropriate data structure or mechanism for tracking request counts and timestamps.
• Consider thread safety and performance implications.
• Ensure proper error handling and logging.
• Write unit tests to validate the functionality.