Implement Activity.AddLink (#101381)

* implement Activity.AddLink

* extend tests

* Add remarks to docs required by https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/trace/api.md#link

src/libraries/System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource/ref/System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSourceActivity.cs

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ public string? Id
         public string? TraceStateString { get { throw null; } set { } }
         public System.Diagnostics.Activity AddBaggage(string key, string? value) { throw null; }
         public System.Diagnostics.Activity AddEvent(System.Diagnostics.ActivityEvent e) { throw null; }
+        public System.Diagnostics.Activity AddLink(System.Diagnostics.ActivityLink link) { throw null; }
         public System.Diagnostics.Activity AddTag(string key, string? value) { throw null; }
         public System.Diagnostics.Activity AddTag(string key, object? value) { throw null; }
         public System.Diagnostics.Activity SetTag(string key, object? value) { throw null; }

src/libraries/System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource/src/System/Diagnostics/Activity.cs

@@ -517,6 +517,25 @@ public Activity AddEvent(ActivityEvent e)
             return this;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Add an <see cref="ActivityLink"/> to the <see cref="Links"/> list.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="link">The <see cref="ActivityLink"/> to add.</param>
+        /// <returns><see langword="this" /> for convenient chaining.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// For contexts that are available during span creation, adding links at span creation is preferred to calling <see cref="AddLink(ActivityLink)" /> later,
+        /// because head sampling decisions can only consider information present during span creation.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public Activity AddLink(ActivityLink link)
+        {
+            if (_links != null || Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _links, new DiagLinkedList<ActivityLink>(link), null) != null)
+            {
+                _links.Add(link);
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Update the Activity to have baggage with an additional 'key' and value 'value'.
         /// This shows up in the <see cref="Baggage"/> enumeration as well as the <see cref="GetBaggageItem(string)"/>

src/libraries/System.Diagnostics.DiagnosticSource/tests/ActivityTests.cs

@@ -1597,6 +1597,35 @@ public void TestEvent()
             Assert.Equal(0, activity.Events.ElementAt(1).Tags.Count());
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        public void AddLinkTest()
+        {
+            ActivityContext c1 = new ActivityContext(ActivityTraceId.CreateRandom(), ActivitySpanId.CreateRandom(), ActivityTraceFlags.None);
+            ActivityContext c2 = new ActivityContext(ActivityTraceId.CreateRandom(), ActivitySpanId.CreateRandom(), ActivityTraceFlags.None);
+
+            ActivityLink l1 = new ActivityLink(c1);
+            ActivityLink l2 = new ActivityLink(c2, new ActivityTagsCollection()
+            {
+                new KeyValuePair<string, object?>("foo", 99)
+            });
+
+            Activity activity = new Activity("LinkTest");
+            Assert.True(ReferenceEquals(activity, activity.AddLink(l1)));
+            Assert.True(ReferenceEquals(activity, activity.AddLink(l2)));
+
+            // Add a duplicate of l1. The implementation doesn't check for duplicates.
+            Assert.True(ReferenceEquals(activity, activity.AddLink(l1)));
+
+            ActivityLink[] links = activity.Links.ToArray();
+            Assert.Equal(3, links.Length);
+            Assert.Equal(c1, links[0].Context);
+            Assert.Equal(c2, links[1].Context);
+            Assert.Equal(c1, links[2].Context);
+            KeyValuePair<string, object> tag = links[1].Tags.Single();
+            Assert.Equal("foo", tag.Key);
+            Assert.Equal(99, tag.Value);
+        }
+
         [Fact]
         public void TestIsAllDataRequested()
         {
@@ -2163,12 +2192,14 @@ public void EnumerateLinksTest()
 
             var context1 = new ActivityContext(ActivityTraceId.CreateRandom(), default, ActivityTraceFlags.None);
             var context2 = new ActivityContext(ActivityTraceId.CreateRandom(), default, ActivityTraceFlags.None);
+            var context3 = new ActivityContext(ActivityTraceId.CreateRandom(), default, ActivityTraceFlags.None);
 
             a = source.CreateActivity(
                 name: "Root",
                 kind: ActivityKind.Internal,
                 parentContext: default,
                 links: new[] { new ActivityLink(context1), new ActivityLink(context2) });
+            a.AddLink(new ActivityLink(context3));
 
             Assert.NotNull(a);
 
@@ -2182,6 +2213,9 @@ public void EnumerateLinksTest()
             Assert.True(enumerator.MoveNext());
             Assert.Equal(context2.TraceId, enumerator.Current.Context.TraceId);
             values.Add(enumerator.Current);
+            Assert.True(enumerator.MoveNext());
+            Assert.Equal(context3.TraceId, enumerator.Current.Context.TraceId);
+            values.Add(enumerator.Current);
             Assert.False(enumerator.MoveNext());
 
             Assert.Equal(a.Links, values);