unix: update Go to 1.23.0

Change-Id: Ifd0f3aefd3699871fc875c8628aa4105b2c85f13
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/sys/+/610016
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Tobias Klauser <tobias.klauser@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>

unix/linux/Dockerfile

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ RUN git clone --branch v6.10 --depth 1 https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/l
 RUN git clone --branch release/2.40/master --depth 1 https://sourceware.org/git/glibc.git
 
 # Get Go
-ENV GOLANG_VERSION 1.21.0
+ENV GOLANG_VERSION 1.23.0
 ENV GOLANG_DOWNLOAD_URL https://golang.org/dl/go$GOLANG_VERSION.linux-amd64.tar.gz
-ENV GOLANG_DOWNLOAD_SHA256 d0398903a16ba2232b389fb31032ddf57cac34efda306a0eebac34f0965a0742
+ENV GOLANG_DOWNLOAD_SHA256 905a297f19ead44780548933e0ff1a1b86e8327bb459e92f9c0012569f76f5e3
 
 RUN curl -fsSL "$GOLANG_DOWNLOAD_URL" -o golang.tar.gz \
     && echo "$GOLANG_DOWNLOAD_SHA256  golang.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c - \