Search for other free cores when bind fails

Under some circumstances, /proc may transparently lie to us, or we may
have cgroups invisibly that prevent us from binding to certain CPUs but
not others. In particular this shows up when running inside containers
with resource limits applied to them. This patch makes AFL continue to
try other CPU cores if the kernel rejects our attempt to bind to an
apparently free one, since others may succeed.

Signed-off-by: Quentin Young <qlyoung@qlyoung.net>

afl-fuzz.c

@@ -488,30 +488,63 @@ static void bind_to_free_cpu(void) {
 
   closedir(d);
 
-  for (i = 0; i < cpu_core_count; i++) if (!cpu_used[i]) break;
 
-  if (i == cpu_core_count) {
+  int bound = 0;
+  int tried_bind = 0;
+  int saved_errno = 0;
 
-    SAYF("\n" cLRD "[-] " cRST
-         "Uh-oh, looks like all %u CPU cores on your system are allocated to\n"
-         "    other instances of afl-fuzz (or similar CPU-locked tasks). Starting\n"
-         "    another fuzzer on this machine is probably a bad plan, but if you are\n"
-         "    absolutely sure, you can set AFL_NO_AFFINITY and try again.\n",
-         cpu_core_count);
+  for (i = 0; i < cpu_core_count; i++) {
+
+    if (!cpu_used[i]) {
+
+      OKF("Found a free CPU core, attempting bind to #%u.", i);
+
+      CPU_ZERO(&c);
+      CPU_SET(i, &c);
+
+      if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(c), &c)) {
 
-    FATAL("No more free CPU cores");
+	saved_errno = errno;
+        tried_bind++;
+        WARNF("Binding attempt failed; looking for another core...");
 
+      } else {
+
+        cpu_aff = i;
+        bound = 1;
+        break;
+
+      }
+    }
   }
 
-  OKF("Found a free CPU core, binding to #%u.", i);
+  if (!bound) {
 
-  cpu_aff = i;
+    if (tried_bind == 0) {
 
-  CPU_ZERO(&c);
-  CPU_SET(i, &c);
+      SAYF("\n" cLRD "[-] " cRST
+           "Uh-oh, looks like all %u CPU cores on your system are allocated to\n"
+           "    other instances of afl-fuzz (or similar CPU-locked tasks). Starting\n"
+           "    another fuzzer on this machine is probably a bad plan, but if you are\n"
+           "    absolutely sure, you can set AFL_NO_AFFINITY and try again.\n\n",
+	   cpu_core_count);
+      FATAL("No more free CPU cores");
 
-  if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(c), &c))
-    PFATAL("sched_setaffinity failed");
+    } else {
+
+      SAYF("\n" cLRD "[-] " cRST
+	   "Uh-oh, afl-fuzz found %u apparently free CPU cores, but the system\n"
+	   "    wouldn't let us bind to any of them. This can happen if we do not\n"
+	   "    have CAP_SYS_NICE, or if we are running in a container that is\n"
+	   "    restricted to a certain set of CPUs that already have processes bound\n"
+	   "    to them. For a quick workaround, set AFL_NO_AFFINITY and try again.\n",
+           tried_bind);
+
+      errno = saved_errno;
+      PFATAL("sched_setaffinity failed");
+
+    }
+  }
 
 }