JIT: Fix placement of GT_START_NOGC for tailcalls in face of bulk c…

…opy with write barrier calls

When the JIT generates code for a tailcall it must generate code to
write the arguments into the incoming parameter area. Since the GC ness
of the arguments of the tailcall may not match the GC ness of the
parameters, we have to disable GC before we start writing these. This is
done by finding the earliest `GT_PUTARG_STK` node and placing the start
of the NOGC region right before it.

In addition, there is logic to take care of potential overlap between
the arguments and parameters. For example, if the call has an operand
that uses one of the parameters, then we must take care that we do not
override that parameter with the tailcall argument before the use of it.
To do so, we sometimes may need to introduce copies from the parameter
locals to locals on the stack frame.

This used to work fine, however, with dotnet#101761 we started transforming
block copies into managed calls in certain scenarios. It was possible
for the JIT to decide to introduce a copy to a local and for this
transformation to then kick in. This would cause us to end up with the
managed helper call after starting the nogc region. In checked builds
this would hit an assert during GC scan; in release builds, it would end
up with corrupted data.

The fix here is to make sure we insert the `GT_START_NOGC` after all the
potential temporary copies we may introduce as part of the tailcat stll
logic.

There was an additional assumption that the first `PUTARG_STK` operand
was the earliest one in execution order. That is not guaranteed, so this
change stops relying on that as well by introducing a new
`LIR::FirstNode` and using that to determine the earliest `PUTARG_STK`
node.

Fix dotnet#102370
Fix dotnet#104123
Fix dotnet#105441

src/coreclr/jit/lir.cpp

@@ -1872,6 +1872,22 @@ GenTree* LIR::LastNode(GenTree** nodes, size_t numNodes)
     return lastNode;
 }
 
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LIR::FirstNode:
+//    Given two nodes in the same block range, find which node appears first.
+//
+// Arguments:
+//    node1 - The first node
+//    node2 - The second node
+//
+// Returns:
+//    Node that appears first.
+//
+GenTree* LIR::FirstNode(GenTree* node1, GenTree* node2)
+{
+    return LastNode(node1, node2) == node1 ? node2 : node1;
+}
+
 #ifdef DEBUG
 void GenTree::dumpLIRFlags()
 {

src/coreclr/jit/lir.h

@@ -317,6 +317,7 @@ class LIR final
 
     static GenTree* LastNode(GenTree* node1, GenTree* node2);
     static GenTree* LastNode(GenTree** nodes, size_t numNodes);
+    static GenTree* FirstNode(GenTree* node1, GenTree* node2);
 };
 
 inline void GenTree::SetUnusedValue()

src/coreclr/jit/lower.cpp

@@ -3060,52 +3060,22 @@ void Lowering::LowerFastTailCall(GenTreeCall* call)
     // call could over-write the stack arg that is setup earlier.
     ArrayStack<GenTree*> putargs(comp->getAllocator(CMK_ArrayStack));
 
-    for (CallArg& arg : call->gtArgs.EarlyArgs())
-    {
-        if (arg.GetEarlyNode()->OperIs(GT_PUTARG_STK))
-        {
-            putargs.Push(arg.GetEarlyNode());
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (CallArg& arg : call->gtArgs.LateArgs())
+    for (CallArg& arg : call->gtArgs.Args())
     {
-        if (arg.GetLateNode()->OperIs(GT_PUTARG_STK))
+        if (arg.GetNode()->OperIs(GT_PUTARG_STK))
         {
-            putargs.Push(arg.GetLateNode());
+            putargs.Push(arg.GetNode());
         }
     }
 
     GenTree* startNonGCNode = nullptr;
-    if (!putargs.Empty())
+    if (putargs.Height() > 0)
     {
-        // Get the earliest operand of the first PUTARG_STK node. We will make
-        // the required copies of args before this node.
-        bool     unused;
-        GenTree* insertionPoint = BlockRange().GetTreeRange(putargs.Bottom(), &unused).FirstNode();
-        // Insert GT_START_NONGC node before we evaluate the PUTARG_STK args.
-        // Note that if there are no args to be setup on stack, no need to
-        // insert GT_START_NONGC node.
-        startNonGCNode = new (comp, GT_START_NONGC) GenTree(GT_START_NONGC, TYP_VOID);
-        BlockRange().InsertBefore(insertionPoint, startNonGCNode);
-
-        // Gc-interruptability in the following case:
-        //     foo(a, b, c, d, e) { bar(a, b, c, d, e); }
-        //     bar(a, b, c, d, e) { foo(a, b, d, d, e); }
-        //
-        // Since the instruction group starting from the instruction that sets up first
-        // stack arg to the end of the tail call is marked as non-gc interruptible,
-        // this will form a non-interruptible tight loop causing gc-starvation. To fix
-        // this we insert GT_NO_OP as embedded stmt before GT_START_NONGC, if the method
-        // has a single basic block and is not a GC-safe point.  The presence of a single
-        // nop outside non-gc interruptible region will prevent gc starvation.
-        if ((comp->fgBBcount == 1) && !comp->compCurBB->HasFlag(BBF_GC_SAFE_POINT))
+        GenTree* firstPutargStk = putargs.Bottom(0);
+        for (int i = 1; i < putargs.Height(); i++)
         {
-            assert(comp->fgFirstBB == comp->compCurBB);
-            GenTree* noOp = new (comp, GT_NO_OP) GenTree(GT_NO_OP, TYP_VOID);
-            BlockRange().InsertBefore(startNonGCNode, noOp);
+            firstPutargStk = LIR::FirstNode(firstPutargStk, putargs.Bottom(i));
         }
-
         // Since this is a fast tailcall each PUTARG_STK will place the argument in the
         // _incoming_ arg space area. This will effectively overwrite our already existing
         // incoming args that live in that area. If we have later uses of those args, this
@@ -3175,10 +3145,10 @@ void Lowering::LowerFastTailCall(GenTreeCall* call)
                 GenTree* lookForUsesFrom = put->gtNext;
                 if (overwrittenStart != argStart)
                 {
-                    lookForUsesFrom = insertionPoint;
+                    lookForUsesFrom = firstPutargStk;
                 }
 
-                RehomeArgForFastTailCall(callerArgLclNum, insertionPoint, lookForUsesFrom, call);
+                RehomeArgForFastTailCall(callerArgLclNum, firstPutargStk, lookForUsesFrom, call);
                 // The above call can introduce temps and invalidate the pointer.
                 callerArgDsc = comp->lvaGetDesc(callerArgLclNum);
 
@@ -3192,10 +3162,33 @@ void Lowering::LowerFastTailCall(GenTreeCall* call)
                 unsigned int fieldsEnd   = fieldsFirst + callerArgDsc->lvFieldCnt;
                 for (unsigned int j = fieldsFirst; j < fieldsEnd; j++)
                 {
-                    RehomeArgForFastTailCall(j, insertionPoint, lookForUsesFrom, call);
+                    RehomeArgForFastTailCall(j, firstPutargStk, lookForUsesFrom, call);
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        // Now insert GT_START_NONGC node before we evaluate the first PUTARG_STK.
+        // Note that if there are no args to be setup on stack, no need to
+        // insert GT_START_NONGC node.
+        startNonGCNode = new (comp, GT_START_NONGC) GenTree(GT_START_NONGC, TYP_VOID);
+        BlockRange().InsertBefore(firstPutargStk, startNonGCNode);
+
+        // Gc-interruptability in the following case:
+        //     foo(a, b, c, d, e) { bar(a, b, c, d, e); }
+        //     bar(a, b, c, d, e) { foo(a, b, d, d, e); }
+        //
+        // Since the instruction group starting from the instruction that sets up first
+        // stack arg to the end of the tail call is marked as non-gc interruptible,
+        // this will form a non-interruptible tight loop causing gc-starvation. To fix
+        // this we insert GT_NO_OP as embedded stmt before GT_START_NONGC, if the method
+        // has a single basic block and is not a GC-safe point.  The presence of a single
+        // nop outside non-gc interruptible region will prevent gc starvation.
+        if ((comp->fgBBcount == 1) && !comp->compCurBB->HasFlag(BBF_GC_SAFE_POINT))
+        {
+            assert(comp->fgFirstBB == comp->compCurBB);
+            GenTree* noOp = new (comp, GT_NO_OP) GenTree(GT_NO_OP, TYP_VOID);
+            BlockRange().InsertBefore(startNonGCNode, noOp);
+        }
     }
 
     // Insert GT_PROF_HOOK node to emit profiler tail call hook. This should be