feat: remove const generics from cursors and add segment masks

[joshieDo]

PR into #5170

• Removes const generics from NippyJarCursor and SnapshotCursor.
• Adds a bunch of helper traits and structs for using SnapshotCursor with masks to query and decode values.
• Split storage/db/snapshot into different files

Feels way better/more readable to me. Follow-ups are implementing the rest of SnapshotJarProvider providers (after merging the whole PR stack)

[shekhirin]

only nits, appreciate the comments. I wonder if there's better way to do that without too much boilerplate, but seems hard without at least rust-lang/rust#29661.

[mattsse]

lgtm

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #5181 (8ac1426) into main (4dc15c3) will decrease coverage by 0.25%.
Report is 39 commits behind head on main.
The diff coverage is 0.00%.

❗ Current head 8ac1426 differs from pull request most recent head a94a6de. Consider uploading reports for the commit a94a6de to get more accurate results

Files	Coverage Δ
crates/interfaces/src/provider.rs	0.00% <ø> (ø)
crates/primitives/src/transaction/mod.rs	36.75% <ø> (ø)
crates/storage/codecs/src/lib.rs	36.77% <ø> (ø)
crates/storage/nippy-jar/src/error.rs	0.00% <ø> (ø)
crates/storage/provider/src/providers/mod.rs	26.92% <ø> (ø)
crates/storage/db/src/snapshot/mask.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
crates/stages/src/stages/tx_lookup.rs	2.38% <0.00%> (+0.20%)	⬆️
crates/storage/db/src/snapshot/generation.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
bin/reth/src/db/snapshots/bench.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
crates/storage/provider/src/traits/transactions.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
... and 17 more

... and 4 files with indirect coverage changes

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration-tests	25.83% <0.00%> (-0.25%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
reth binary	24.91% <0.00%> (-0.87%)	⬇️
blockchain tree	28.46% <ø> (ø)
pipeline	5.07% <0.00%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
storage (db)	28.86% <0.00%> (-1.11%)	⬇️
trie	22.53% <ø> (ø)
txpool	41.11% <ø> (-0.26%)	⬇️
networking	30.88% <ø> (-0.02%)	⬇️
rpc	26.47% <ø> (ø)
consensus	25.06% <ø> (ø)
revm	9.85% <ø> (ø)
payload builder	14.16% <ø> (ø)
primitives	29.01% <0.00%> (-0.16%)	⬇️